Superoxide d splitt11/2/2022 Based on these results, we decided to study the effects of i.s. inoculation were far better than those induced by the i.m. routes, the results showed that the magnitude of the response and the level of protection obtained by i.s. When similar doses of DNA vaccine were injected by the i.m. Intraspleen (i.s.) inoculation with DNA vaccines has been reported to be capable of eliciting a strong proliferative response and providing a protective cellular immune response. injection ( 13, 36), but intradermal immunization ( 30) and oral administration ( 7) have also been tested with good results. The route of immunization most commonly used is i.m. Different methods of DNA delivery have been used, from simple plasmid inoculation to gene gun technology ( 29) or in vivo electroporation ( 40). The effectiveness of DNA vaccination depends on the method and site of vaccine application. Previous reports have demonstrated that intramuscular (i.m.) inoculation with a DNA vaccine that codes for SOD elicits a strong protective response ( 28). The results of these experiments show that these vaccines induce an immune response and some level of protection against challenge with a pathogenic strain of B. SUPEROXIDE D SPLITT CODEBased on the results obtained with DNA vaccines against other pathogenic intracellular bacteria, many studies are being developed using immunizations with DNA vectors that code for proteins with immunogenic properties for brucellosis. On the other hand, DNA vaccination is a relatively novel and powerful method of immunization that induces both humoral and cellular immune responses to a wide range of pathogens in many animal models for different diseases ( 12). Among the other recombinant antigens that have been tested so far, HtrA ( 31), GroEL, GroES, UvrA ( 25), and YajC ( 38) induced cellular and humoral immune responses in mice, but only the L7/L12 ( 23, 24) and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) proteins ( 27, 35, 39) elicited some level of protection. Bacterioferritine and the P39 protein have been reported to be T-cell immunodominant Brucella antigens ( 10) that induce a Th1-type immune response ( 2). abortus to induce a protective immune response. Several studies of murine models have been carried out to test the abilities of different proteins of B. immunization with pcDNA-SOD vaccine efficiently induced a Th1 type of immune response and a protective response that could be related to IFN-γ production and cytotoxic activity against infected cells by SOD-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, respectively. Based on these results, we conclude that i.s. abortus strain 2308, vaccination by the intramuscular route with a similar amount of plasmid DNA does not protect. route vaccination induces a significant level of protection in BALB/c mice against challenge with the virulent B. However, only the CD4 + population was able to produce IFN-γ and only the CD8 + population was able to induce cytotoxic activity. Upon analyzing the SOD-specific T-cell responses, the pcDNA-SOD vaccination was found to be stimulating both CD4 +- and CD8 +-T-cell populations. Animals vaccinated with pcDNA-SOD did not develop SOD-specific antibodies, at least until week 4 after immunization (the end of the experiment), and in vitro stimulation of their splenocytes with either recombinant Cu-Zn SOD or crude Brucella protein induced the secretion of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), but not interleukin-4, and elicited the induction of cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte activity. The present study was designed to characterize T-cell immune responses after an intraspleen (i.s.) vaccination of BALB/c mice with pcDNA-SOD. In an earlier study, we provided strong evidence that intramuscular injection with a plasmid DNA carrying the SOD gene (pcDNA-SOD) was able to induce a protective immune response. In the development of vaccines capable of providing immunity against brucellosis, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) has been demonstrated to be one of the protective immunogens of Brucella abortus.
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